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Rare diseases are often serious, chronic and life-threatening. The European Union (EU) definition of a rare disease is one that affects fewer than 5 in 10 000 people. Rare diseases affect 6–8% (or about 30 million people) out of the 508 million population of EU countries. This illustrates the paradox of rarity: each disease is rare but collectively, rare diseases affect many people. For the full article please click here.